Category Archives: Topics

2 September 2025 | Humanitarian Aid

A magnitude-6 earthquake struck eastern Afghanistan overnight, leaving a trail of destruction across remote mountainous regions. More than 800 people have died, and over 2,000 are injured, though officials warn the overall impact could affect hundreds of thousands.

The quake collapsed structures made of mud and timber, with roofs often falling on sleeping occupants. These materials, common in rural homes, contributed to high casualties.

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Access Challenges and Rescue Efforts

Rescue operations are being hampered by damaged roads, landslides, and rockfalls. Many communities remain cut off due to prior rainfall-induced obstruction.

To scale up relief efforts, 20 emergency assessment teams and 15 mobile units have been deployed. The UN Humanitarian Air Service has increased flights between Kabul and Jalalabad to deliver aid and personnel.

Communication networks have collapsed in affected areas, complicating coordination. Humanitarian staff are relying on helicopters and overland routes to reach remote villages. Evacuating casualties requires long, arduous journeys.

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Urgent Health Risks

Public health emergencies are mounting. UN officials emphasize the need for immediate disposal of bodies and dead livestock to prevent outbreaks of waterborne diseases. In addition, psychological support is being prioritized to help survivors cope with trauma.

The Afghan Red Crescent is among the first responders, navigating hazardous terrain where roads are blocked. Their teams walk up to five hours to reach remote communities and transport the wounded back to overwhelmed hospitals.

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Critical Humanitarian Needs

Displaced families urgently need tents, blankets, and tarpaulins to protect them from harsh mountain weather. Emergency nutrition, warm meals, and trauma care are in demand, though mobile health teams are in short supply, raising concerns about meeting basic needs.

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A Humanitarian System Under Strain

Afghanistan faces chronic humanitarian challenges: 22.5 million people—half the population—need assistance. Food insecurity has surged due to drought, and cuts in aid have forced many services to shut down.

Adding to the strain, 2.4 million Afghans are returning from Pakistan and Iran, many forcibly deported. Most are returning to the quake-affected zones. These forced returnees are arriving with minimal resources, further overwhelming local capacity.

The 2025 humanitarian appeal for Afghanistan is only 28% funded—a shortfall that poses an urgent threat amid overlapping crises.

📅 Date: Saturday, August 23, 2025

16 July 2025 | Peace & Security

HAITI: Hunger and Underfunding Amid Worsening Violence
The humanitarian crisis in Haiti continues to escalate, with over 5.7 million people facing food insecurity, the United Nations reports. Gang-related violence is crippling food production in vital agricultural areas such as Kenscoff and Artibonite, often referred to as the nation’s breadbasket.

Despite the best efforts of humanitarian agencies, only 38% of the targeted population has been reached, due to violent unrest, logistical challenges, and severe underfunding. The 2025 UN humanitarian appeal for Haiti remains the least funded globally, with just over 2% of the $425 million required received so far.

“We are doing what we can, wherever and whenever possible,” said UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric.

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MYANMAR: Civilian Suffering and Aid Access Blocked by Conflict
Nearly four months after a devastating earthquake, Myanmar’s conflict between the military and opposition forces is intensifying, with civilians increasingly caught in the crossfire.

On 11 July, an airstrike hit a monastery sheltering displaced civilians in Sagaing Region, killing 22 people and injuring over 50. Another airstrike reportedly struck a displacement camp in North Shan State.

“These incidents are part of a broader pattern,” warned the UN, noting that one in three people in Myanmar now faces acute hunger, worsened by monsoon flooding and limited humanitarian access. The UN has called on all parties to respect international humanitarian law.

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BELARUS: UN Experts Demand Probe into Political Prisoner Deaths
In Belarus, UN human rights experts are urging an independent investigation into the deaths of several political prisoners.

The case of Valiantsin Shtermer, 61, who died in May while incarcerated at Šklou Correctional Colony, has drawn international concern. Shtermer, imprisoned for criticizing Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, reportedly received inadequate medical care.

Similarly, Vitold Ashurak, a 50-year-old activist linked to the Belarusian National Front, died shortly after solitary confinement in the same facility. He had been jailed for participating in protests following the disputed 2020 presidential elections.

“These deaths must not be ignored,” said the UN Special Rapporteurs, stressing that the deaths appear to be retaliatory measures against individuals exercising their right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly.

“There are strong reasons to believe these individuals lost their lives due to neglect and abuse in retaliation for their political beliefs.”

July 2, 2025 — Khan Younis, Gaza Strip
A vital water reservoir in Khan Younis has become unreachable following new Israeli displacement orders, heightening fears of a total collapse in the local water distribution network and further deepening Gaza’s humanitarian catastrophe.

The Al Satar reservoir, which plays a central role in distributing piped water from Israel, is now cut off after overnight evacuation notices were issued for two neighborhoods in southern Gaza. Up to 80,000 residents are affected, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

“If this reservoir is damaged or continues to be inaccessible, the city’s entire water system could break down,” warned UN spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric.

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Humanitarian Situation Reaching Breaking Point

The reservoir’s shutdown is the latest blow to Gaza’s collapsing infrastructure, already strained by fuel shortages, damaged supply chains, and widespread displacement.

🔻 85% of Gaza is now either under military control or designated evacuation zones.
🔻 Nearly 714,000 people have been forcibly displaced again since March.
🔻 29,000 were uprooted in just a single day earlier this week.

Overcrowded shelters are unable to cope. In most areas, people are sleeping outdoors without protection from the elements. A recent survey found that 97% of displacement sites lack proper shelter.

Nice, France – June 12, 2025
As the Third UN Ocean Conference unfolded on the sun-soaked Mediterranean coast, a quieter but critical dialogue took place behind closed doors in Nice. Over 40 environment ministers from around the globe gathered to advance negotiations on a potentially landmark treaty to end plastic pollution — a global crisis now visible in every ecosystem and even within the human body.

The meeting, hosted by UN Environment Programme (UNEP) chief Inger Andersen, revealed growing momentum to finalize the world’s first legally binding treaty addressing plastic across its entire life cycle, from production to waste.

“We are choking on plastic,” said Jyoti Mathur-Filipp, the UN’s chief negotiator for the treaty process. “If we don’t act now, no ecosystem — land or sea — will remain untouched.”

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Treaty in Sight: Final Talks Set for Geneva in August

The treaty’s development has moved at an unusually fast pace by UN standards. Since the 2022 mandate from the UN Environment Assembly, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) has convened five times, drafting a 22-page text that outlines its structure and legal components.

The final round of negotiations is scheduled for August 5–14 in Geneva, where delegates aim to wrap up the agreement ahead of a global diplomatic conference expected in late 2025 or early 2026.

“Countries are now negotiating article by article. We have a real treaty in the making,” Mathur-Filipp said.

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What’s in the Treaty?

The draft treaty includes both mandatory and voluntary measures, making it adaptable to different national capacities. It proposes:

• Rules to reduce plastic production.
• Stronger waste management systems.
• Global coordination on microplastics and marine pollution.
• Implementation and compliance mechanisms.

Crucially, it recognizes the disproportionate impact on small island developing states, which often suffer the worst pollution despite contributing the least to the problem.

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Why It Matters

According to UN data, without intervention, up to 37 million metric tons of plastic waste could enter the ocean annually by 2040. The economic damage from plastic-related harm could reach $281 trillion over the next two decades, harming tourism, fisheries, and coastal infrastructure.

“It’s costing us the economy, the environment, and our health,” said Mathur-Filipp.

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The Road Ahead

The treaty’s success will hinge not just on its final text, but on whether it is ratified and enforced globally. This August’s meeting in Geneva is seen as a make-or-break moment.

“We’re running out of time,” said Mathur-Filipp. “But I believe the political will is finally catching up with the science.”

With the clock ticking and environmental costs mounting, the world is watching to see whether nations can come together — not just in words, but in legally binding action — to halt the plastic tide.

Nice, France – June 13, 2025
The Third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC3) closed with a resounding message: global unity is possible — and urgently needed — to save our oceans. Over 170 nations, including more than 60 heads of state and government, joined forces on France’s Mediterranean coast to adopt a sweeping declaration and announce hundreds of new commitments.

From marine conservation to pollution reduction, the summit signaled what many are calling a turning point for global ocean governance.

“We leave Nice not only with hope, but with action,” said Li Junhua, the UN’s Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs and Secretary-General of UNOC3.

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A Blueprint for Ocean Action

The conference’s centerpiece outcome, dubbed the Nice Ocean Action Plan, includes both a global political declaration and over 800 voluntary pledges. These came from governments, scientific communities, civil society groups, and UN bodies, all focused on reversing ocean degradation and achieving the goals of SDG 14: Life Below Water.

Among the standout commitments:

• European Commission pledged €1 billion for ocean conservation and sustainable fishing.
• French Polynesia committed to creating the world’s largest marine protected area, spanning 5 million km².
• Germany announced a €100 million initiative to remove old munitions from the Baltic and North Seas.
• New Zealand invested $52 million into ocean governance across the Pacific.
• Spain added five new marine protected areas.

An alliance of 37 nations, led by Panama and Canada, launched a “High Ambition Coalition for a Quiet Ocean” to address underwater noise pollution. Indonesia, with support from the World Bank, introduced a ‘Coral Bond’ to support reef conservation.

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Push to Ratify the High Seas Treaty

A major focus in Nice was accelerating the ratification of the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement), adopted in 2023 to protect marine life in international waters. Nineteen new countries ratified the accord during the week, bringing the total to 50 — just 10 shy of the 60 needed for it to enter into force.

“It’s a significant victory,” said France’s special envoy Olivier Poivre d’Arvor. “We’ve taken steps forward — and there’s no turning back.”

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Not Just Talk — A Test of Global Will

While the summit delivered an optimistic vision, questions remain about implementation. Will countries follow through?

Peter Thomson, UN Special Envoy for the Ocean, reminded delegates that 2028, the year of the next UN Ocean Conference (to be co-hosted by Chile and South Korea), will be a moment of accountability.

“What matters is what happens after the conference,” said Thomson. “We’ve raised ambition — now we need results.”

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What’s Next?

The conference reaffirmed the goal to protect 30% of the world’s oceans and land by 2030, aligning with the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework and climate goals from the International Maritime Organization.

However, concerns from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) about climate damage and calls for a deep-sea mining moratorium were not fully addressed in the final declaration.

Despite this, the declaration — titled “Our ocean, our future: united for urgent action” — represents a global consensus to act swiftly.

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Final Thought

As the sun set over the port of Nice, ship horns echoed in tribute to a fragile but shared promise: to protect our ocean before it’s too late.

“The true measure of success,” said Mr. Li, “is not what we said in Nice, but what we do next.”

The devastating impact of the transatlantic slave trade still reverberates through modern society, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres said during a moving address at the General Assembly, marking the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Speaking on March 25, Mr. Guterres emphasized that systemic racism, economic exclusion, and racial violence continue to rob people of African descent of opportunities to thrive.

“For too long, the crimes of the transatlantic slave trade—and their ongoing impact—have remained unacknowledged, unspoken, and unaddressed,” the UN chief stated, calling on governments, institutions, and civil society to finally confront this enduring injustice.

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Four Centuries of Suffering

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, an estimated 25 to 30 million Africans were forcibly taken from their homelands. Many perished during the horrific transatlantic journey. Families were shattered, communities destroyed, and generations condemned to slavery, all in the pursuit of profits fueled by racist ideologies.

While the transatlantic slave trade formally ended, its legacy persists, with racial inequalities and economic disparities stretching across centuries and continents.

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The Financial Burden That Followed Freedom

Highlighting the injustices that continued even after abolition, Guterres reminded the Assembly that formerly enslaved people often received no compensation, and some—like Haiti—were forced to pay indemnities to those who once enslaved them.

Haiti’s crippling debt, imposed by former colonial powers, locked the young nation into generations of economic hardship, a burden still felt today.

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A Call for Concrete Action

The Secretary-General urged:

• Full implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
• Active measures against racism, discrimination, and economic exclusion.
• Honest education about the history and legacy of slavery in schools worldwide.

“Acknowledging this truth is essential for addressing past wrongs, healing the present, and building a future of dignity and justice for all,” Mr. Guterres stressed.

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Echoes of Injustice Today

Philémon Yang, President of the General Assembly, reinforced these concerns, warning that despite abolition, the scars of slavery endure through inequities in housing, employment, healthcare, and education.

He called for concrete policies, not just acknowledgments, to confront these disparities head-on.

Education plays a critical role, Yang added, urging that histories of slavery and its aftermath be incorporated into curricula globally to help fight ignorance and prejudice.

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The Ark of Return: Honoring the Victims

This year’s observance also celebrated the tenth anniversary of the Ark of Return, a solemn white marble memorial at UN Headquarters in New York, designed by Haitian-American architect Rodney Leon.

The monument stands as a tribute to the resilience and resistance of those who suffered and serves as a reminder of the ongoing fight against racism and injustice.

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New Visions for Remembrance

Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka called for remembrance to be more than symbolic. Proposing a “Heritage Voyage of Return”, Soyinka envisioned repurposed transatlantic routes as pathways for education, culture, and healing.

Meanwhile, young American poet Salome Agbaroji urged African descendants to reclaim their narratives:

“Turn the tide, flip the phrase, and reclaim our personhood and stories,” she declared.

She emphasized that the value of people of African descent extends far beyond the labor they provided under oppression, highlighting the vibrancy of their cultures, innovations, and achievements.

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The United Nations’ message is clear: remembering the victims of slavery must lead to real change. Only through truth, education, justice, and action can the world begin to heal the wounds left by one of history’s greatest crimes.

Afghanistan’s opium market is facing a dramatic transformation. Since the Taliban’s de facto authorities imposed a poppy cultivation ban in 2022, opium prices have skyrocketed tenfold, according to new data from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

While opium production has sharply declined, the price for a kilogram of opium surged from $75 in 2021 to $750 in 2024, creating massive profit opportunities—primarily for high-level traffickers and organized crime groups.

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A Shift in the Global Drug Trade

The UNODC reports that heroin and opium seizures have dropped by about 50% since 2021, reflecting a significant fall in production following the poppy ban. However, this has not weakened the opium economy.

“Despite the production decline, trafficking remains highly profitable,” said Ghada Waly, UNODC Executive Director. “Profits are flowing to transnational crime groups, further destabilizing Afghanistan and the broader region.”

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Stockpiles Sustain the Trade

At the end of 2022, Afghanistan’s opiate stockpiles were estimated at 13,200 tonnes, enough to sustain demand until 2027.
Before the drop in cultivation, these reserves were valued between $4.6 billion and $5.9 billion, representing up to 29% of Afghanistan’s economy in 2023.

While these stockpiles may have provided a temporary economic cushion for ordinary Afghans amid the country’s financial collapse, most of the opium is controlled by large traders and exporters, leaving small-scale farmers in deep financial distress.

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Farmers at Risk

Only about 30% of farmers held modest opium reserves in 2022. The majority, who previously depended on poppy cultivation for their livelihoods, now face severe economic hardship.
UNODC stresses the urgent need to create sustainable economic alternatives for Afghan farmers to prevent a potential return to poppy farming, especially as the current high prices make the crop extremely tempting.

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A Dangerous Shift Toward Synthetic Drugs

Another looming concern is the potential shift from opium to even more dangerous synthetic drugs.
With opium increasingly scarce and expensive, traffickers and users may turn toward synthetic opioids like fentanyl, which are far more potent and deadly than heroin.

UNODC warns that without a coordinated global counter-narcotics strategy—one that not only targets trafficking networks but also supports viable livelihoods for Afghan farmers—the world could face a new, more dangerous drug crisis.